Distribution
SWITZERLAND
Since 1996 single wolf individuals have migrated naturally into Switzerland from Italy where the species was never extinct. Single individuals are found to date mainly in the Alps and Pre-Alps. Since the return of the wolf to Switzerland, certified records are known from 20 cantons: Argovia, Appenzell Outer-Rhodes, Appenzell Inner-Rhodes, Bern, Fribourg, Glarus, Grisons, Lucerne, Neuchâtel, Nidwald, Obwald, Schwyz, St. Gall, Thurgovia, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zoug and Zurich. The first packed was established in 2012 at the Calanda between the cantons of Grisons and St. Gall. Further packs were established in the cantons of Glarus, Grisons, Ticino, Valais and Vaud. Apart from the pack established in 2019 at the Marchairuz, the Jura mountains have so far only been sparsely recolonised.
Wolf records are also presented in the Monitoring Center.
Wolf records incl. positive genetic samples in Switzerland January-June 2020 according to their SCALP category (Red = category 1, “hard facts”; blue = category 2, confirmed reports; green = category 3, non-verifiable reports). Genetic samples are presented according to their sampling date.
© LBC, Cantons, KORA; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland (Status 13.10.2022). Genetically individually identified wolves (latest record) from the last 12 months that could not be attributed to a pack are indicated with a circle (male) or a triangle (female). Yellow = transient animals, blue = resident animals, grey = situation unclear. Packs are indicated with large circles and the abbreviation for the pack. Light blue = transboundary pack, dark blue = pack in Switzerland. Individuals attributed to the packs (e.g. pups) are not listed on the map. Pairs are indicated with orange squares and the abbreviation for the pair. Not illustrated are dead individuals and animals, which are known to have left Switzerland. The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. The status is defined according to the wolf concept, appendix 4.
Data © LBC, cantons, private persons; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf records in Switzerland 2011-2019
Wolf records incl. positive genetic samples in Switzerland 2019 according to their SCALP category (Red = category 1, “hard facts”; blue = category 2, confirmed reports; green = category 3, non-verifiable reports). Genetic samples are presented according to their sampling date.
© LBC, Cantons, KORA; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf records incl. positive genetic samples in Switzerland 2018 according to their SCALP category (Red = category 1, “hard facts”; blue = category 2, confirmed reports; green = category 3, non-verifiable reports). Genetic samples are presented according to their sampling date.
© LBC, Cantons, KORA; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf records incl. positive genetic samples in Switzerland 2017 according to their SCALP category (Red = category 1, “hard facts”; blue = category 2, confirmed reports; green = category 3, non-verifiable reports). Genetic samples are presented according to their sampling date.
© LBC, Cantons, KORA; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf records incl. positive genetic samples in Switzerland 2016 according to their SCALP category (Red = category 1, “hard facts”; blue = category 2, confirmed reports; green = category 3, non-verifiable reports). Genetic samples are presented according to their sampling date.
© LBC, Cantons, KORA; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf records incl. positive genetic samples in Switzerland 2015 according to their SCALP category (Red = category 1, “hard facts”; blue = category 2, confirmed reports; green = category 3, non-verifiable reports). Genetic samples are presented according to their sampling date.
© LBC, Cantons, KORA; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf records incl. positive genetic samples in Switzerland 2014 according to their SCALP category (Red = category 1, “hard facts”; blue = category 2, confirmed reports; green = category 3, non-verifiable reports). Genetic samples are presented according to their sampling date.
© LBC, Cantons, KORA; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf records incl. positive genetic samples in Switzerland 2013 according to their SCALP category (Red = category 1, “hard facts”; blue = category 2, confirmed reports; green = category 3, non-verifiable reports). Genetic samples are presented according to their sampling date.
© LBC, Cantons, KORA; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf records incl. positive genetic samples in Switzerland 2012 according to their SCALP category (Red = category 1, “hard facts”; blue = category 2, confirmed reports; green = category 3, non-verifiable reports). Genetic samples are presented according to their sampling date.
© LBC, Cantons, KORA; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf records incl. positive genetic samples in Switzerland 2011 according to their SCALP category (Red = category 1, “hard facts”; blue = category 2, confirmed reports; green = category 3, non-verifiable reports). Genetic samples are presented according to their sampling date.
© LBC, Cantons, KORA; Map © KORA/GIS
Genetically identified wolves in Switzerland 2009-2021
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 04.01.2022). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number (M= Male, F= female). Yellow = transient animals, blue = resident animals, dark blue ellipse = pack, light blue ellipse = transboundary pack. Animals in the boxes are the descendants of the different age groups from the packs. Not illustrated are dead individuals and animals, which are known to have left Switzerland. The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. The status is defined according to the wolf concept, appendix 4.
Data © LBC, cantons, private persons; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 15.01.2021). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number (M= Male, F= female). Yellow = transient animals, blue = resident animals, green = pack. Animals in the boxes are the descendants of the different age groups from the packs. Not illustrated are dead individuals and animals, which are known to have left Switzerland. The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. The status is defined according to the wolf concept, appendix 4. Data
© LBC, cantons, private persons; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 16.01.2020). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number (M= Male, F= female). Yellow = transient animals, blue = resident animals, green = pack. Animals in the boxes are the descendants of the different age groups from the packs. Not illustrated are dead individuals and animals, which are known to have left Switzerland. The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. The status is defined according to the wolf concept, appendix 4. Data
© LBC, cantons, private persons; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 19.12.2018). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number (M= Male, F= female). Yellow = transient animals, blue = resident animals, green = pack. Animals in the boxes are the descendants of the different age groups from the packs. Not illustrated are dead individuals and animals, which are known to have left Switzerland. The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. The status is defined according to the wolf concept, appendix 4. Data
© LBC, cantons, private persons; Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 31.12.2017). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number (M= Male, F= female). Yellow = transient animals, blue = resident animals, green = pack. Animals in the boxes are the descendants of the different age groups from the packs. Not illustrated are dead individuals and animals, which are known to have left Switzerland. The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. Data
© LBC, Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 31.12.2016). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number (M= Male, F= female). Not illustrated are dead individuals and animals, which are known to have left Switzerland. The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. Data
© LBC, Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 31.12.2015). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number (M= Male, F= female). Not illustrated are dead individuals and animals, which are known to have left Switzerland. The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. Data
© LBC, Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 31.12.2014). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number (M= Male, F= female). Yellow square = Genetic record without individual identification (not possible or not yet accomplished). Not illustrated are dead individuals from earlier years and animals, which are known to have left Switzerland. The three pups of the Calanda pack are grouped into one larger circle. The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. Data
© LBC, Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 31.12.2013). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number (M= Male, F= female). Yellow square = unknown individual, crosses = Dead individuals. The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. Data
© LBC, Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 31.12.2012). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number. M= Male (circle), F= female (triangle). The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. Data
© LBC, Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 31.12.2011). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number. M= Male (circle), F= female (triangle). The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. Data
© LBC, Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 31.12.2010). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number. M= Male (circle), F= female (triangle). The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. Data
© LBC, Map © KORA/GIS
Wolf evidence in Switzerland from the last 24 months (Status 31.12.2009). Genetically individually identified wolves are indicated with a symbol and a sequential number. M= Male (circle), F= female (triangle). The genetic analyses are conducted at the Laboratory for Biology and Conservation (LCB) from the University of Lausanne. Data
© LBC, Map © KORA/GIS
ALPS
The Wolf Alpine Group is an informal group of experts of wild animal research and management. It meets every two years in one of the Alpine countries for an exchange of experiences and to discuss and coordinate the monitoring of wolves. The discussions are then summarised and published in a report on the “Alpine Wolf Workshop”. The map below is from the report on the 8th meeting in 2018. The wolf has recolonised the Alps from the Italian Apennine mountains. Consequently, the recolonisation has progressed furthest in the south-western Alps. Sometimes, wolves from other populations are reaching the Alps, too. For example, the Lessini pack east of Lake Garda was established by a female (Julietta) from the south-western Alps and a male (Slavc) from the Dinaric mountains. The central and eastern Alps have so far only been sparsely recolonised.
Distribution of wolf packs (green), pairs (light green) and individuals (yellow) in the Alps 2015-2016.
© WAG
EUROPE
Monitoring and management are traditionally organised by individual countries. However, all viable wolf populations expand over international boundaries. The network Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe, an IUCN/SSC specialist group, periodically collects the most recent data on the status, management and distribution of the carnivores in Europe.
Earlier surveys:
- Status, management and distribution of large carnivores – bear, lynx, wolf & wolverine – in Europe. Part I (General introduction, Methods, Europe summaries)
- Status, management and distribution of large carnivores – bear, lynx, wolf & wolverine – in Europe. Part II (Species country reports)
- Guidelines for Population Level Management Plans for Large Carnivores (LCIE 2008)
Wolf distribution in Europe
Distribution of the wolf in Europe based on a 10×10 km grid and data from 2012–2016. Dark green = permanent presence (presence confirmed in at least 3 of the 5 years, or reproduction confirmed within the last 3 years), light green = sporadic presence (presence confirmed in less than 3 of the 5 years), grey = presence without detailed information. No data was available from country areas coloured white.
© LCIE
GLOBAL
The Grey Wolf was the cosmopolitan in the animal world: this species once had the largest distribution of any mammal. Originally, it was widespread over the entire northern hemisphere, from North America to Europa and Asia. During the last century however, it was exterminated from large parts of its original range. Since awareness of the importance of maintaining an intact ecosystem is increasing, the grey wolf has a chance to recover its population status and recolonize its original territory, including Switzerland. The species is highly adaptable. It does not only occur in forests, but also in the Arctic tundra, steppes, deserts and even in regions with urban sprawl.
Global wolf distribution
The wolf distribution covers the northern hemisphere.
TAXONOMY
The grey wolf Canis lupus belongs, like the red fox Vulpes vulpes, to the family Canidae. Within the Canidae, the grey wolf belongs to the genus Canis as for example the red wolf Canis rufus, the coyote Canis latrans and the golden jackal Canis aureus. The domestic dog Canis familiaris is a direct descendant of the grey wolf. Currently, seven Eurasian and five North American subspecies of the grey wolf can be distinguished, though the taxonomy remains controversial. Within the subspecies, there are large differences in size and appearance. European wolves belong to the subspecies Canis lupus lupus with the exception of the wolves on the Iberian peninsula which belong to a standalone subspecies – Canis lupus signatus. The wolves currently living in Switzerland originate from the Italian wolf population that also belongs to the subspecies Canis lupus lupus but is genetically clearly distinct from other European wolf populations. In the future, wolves may increasingly immigrate to Switzerland from other populations, i.e. the Dinarc, Carpathian and the Central European lowland populations.